- Collab - lists.millets2023.space

Millets in Caribbean perspective (pitimi in Haiti)
by Don Osborn 12 Oct '23

12 Oct '23

Most of our focus has been on continental North America. However, millets are also grown and consumed to varying degrees in the Caribbean region. I recently came across an item on "pitimi" in Haiti. The word pitimi in Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) is from the French "petit mil." The latter is a term that in West Africa refers to pearl millet, since its grains are relatively small (petit) in comparison to those of sorghum ("gros mil," which we sometimes in English refer to as great millet).* In Haiti, however, it seems that pitimi refers to both / either of the crops - sorghum & pearl millet. This is the article I first saw, which is an overview by a Haitian who says they haven't been back in a while. Not sure if any of the images are from Haiti. Still a nice intro: "What is Millet Grain, Pitimi, or Petit Mil" Caribbean Green Living (blog), August 11, 2021; Updated on July 30, 2022 https://www.caribbeangreenliving.com/pitimi-millet-or-petit-mil/ On this photo site, a clear image of pearl millet in a part of Haiti, but without mentioning the name "pitimi": "Top 16 Most Common Plants in Haiti, Nord, Guider" (PictureThisAI.com) https://www.picturethisai.com/region/Haiti-Nord-Guider.html This webpage on a product seems to confound the two: "Ranje Fwaye Pitimi (Pearl Millet, Petit Mil, Sorghum Grain)" https://thecaribbeandepot.com/product/pitimi-pearl-millet-petit-mil-sorghum… Another webpage focuses on sorghum, but has this explanation: "Pitimi is the word Haitians use for millet and sorghum, or small grains." "SORGHUM: Sorghum Bicolor: Sorghum, Sorgho, Milo, Pitimi," Grow Haiti (blog), no date https://pearlculture.wordpress.com/sorghum/ A number of packaged grain products from Haiti feature "pitimi" and "sorghum" on the label (search Google for images with these two words: Haiti pitimi). Sometimes, like this one, "millet" is also featured on the label: https://www.ziledistributors.com/product-page/pitimi-5lbs Finally, on Facebook, CFI Haiti (presumably the Haitian government's Centre de Facilitation des Investissements) has this description in French: "Le petit mil est une culture de première nécessité dans plusieurs communautés étrangères, également en Haïti. Il est une source alimentaire pendant les périodes difficiles, la sécheresse ou de mauvaises récoltes des autres denrées. Le petit mil est relativement bon marché et il est facile à faire pousser et il s'entrepose très bien pendant des années. Maintenant en Haïti on l'utilise pour faire le Malta. Il existe plusieurs variétés de #mil <https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/mil?__eep__=6&__tn__=*NK*F> tels que: millet, mil à chandelle, mil perle, petit mil, mil doré etc..." https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=972866709500919&set=a.280779275376336 (Malta is a beverage, and that would be another topic) This is another post that really just scratches the surface of what is likely a more complicated picture. Anyone with info on millets in Haiti or anywhere in the Caribbean, please comment or add info. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance Note: * There are two quasi-synonyms in French equivalent to "millet" in English. One is "mil," which I have heard as referring to the great millets (sorghum and pearl millet). The other is its diminutive, "millet," which I understand may refer to other (small) or any millet.

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Save the date ::: IYM Master Chef Challenge ::: 18 October 2023, 12:00-13:00 (CEST) - Hybrid/Sheikh Zayed Centre
by Dimitrova, Zdravka (NSP) 10 Oct '23

10 Oct '23

[A white background with black text Description automatically generated] REGISTER HERE<https://events.zoom.us/ev/AhkGy0rt5SRF32ZDL9BpbV6ZK_Dwc4_5gGaFEOkH9lRgAQr83…> WEDNESDAY, 18 OCTOBER 2023 | 12:00-13:00 (CEST) Hybrid event: Zoom & FAO webcast | Sheikh Zayed Centre (FAO,HQ Rome) Interpretation in English, French and Spanish In celebration of the International Year of Millets 2023<https://www.fao.org/millets-2023/en> (IYM2023), there will be a Master Chef Challenge during the 2023 World Food Forum Flagship event<https://flagship.world-food-forum.org/en> (WFF). Four famous Chefs, representing different regions will engage the audience in a culinary journey that celebrates the versatility and nutritional benefits of millets. Get inspired by Chefs Anahita Dhondy (India), Fatmata Binta (Ghana), Mokgadi Itsweng (South Africa), Rodrigo Pacheco (Ecuador). A jury, including Lynnette Neufeld, Director of the Food and Nutrition Division (FAO), chef Sanjay Thakur (India) and chef Arlette Eulert (Peru), will comment on the culinary creations, made from millets, sorghum and fonio. Do not miss the opportunity to expand your culinary repertoire and taste the delicious dishes made from millets. Millets are a diverse group of small-seeded grasses, cultivated for thousands of years across different cultures and continents. Millets' diversity and ability to thrive on arid lands with minimal inputs make them a valuable contribution to healthy diets and nutrition in many countries. Let us embrace millets and their role in promoting sustainable, resilient and inclusive food systems for better nutrition, environment, livelihoods and production, leaving no one behind! CHECK THE AGENDA HERE<https://www.fao.org/millets-2023/events/detail/international-year-of-millet…> For more information, please contact: International-Year-Millets(a)fao.org<mailto:International-Year-Millets@fao.org> [A plate of food on a table Description automatically generated]

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Re: [Collab] Collab Digest, Vol 19, Issue 23
by Gary Wietgrefe 01 Oct '23

01 Oct '23

Don, thank you for revealing another Panicum "Sonoran?"--especially one sourced from North American antiquity that also has lysine. I'm curious if it's lysine levels are higher than proso now grown....Gary On Thu, Aug 31, 2023 at 12:16 PM <collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space> wrote: > Send Collab mailing list submissions to > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit > https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to > collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space > > You can reach the person managing the list at > collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." > > > Today's Topics: > > 1. August millet-of-the-month (part 2): "Sonoran millet" (Don Osborn) > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Message: 1 > Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2023 14:15:48 -0400 > From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> > To: collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > Subject: [Collab] August millet-of-the-month (part 2): "Sonoran > millet" > Message-ID: > < > CA+RHibXor6piTTWcQVqPSAFF3XaP32XsbuXR61JMKx-Ho5kD2g(a)mail.gmail.com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" > > Sharing the millet-of-the-month spotlight in August with little millet > (Panicum sumatrense) is its North American "cousin," sometimes called > Sonoran millet (P. hirticaule or P. sonorum). Both are in the same genus as > proso millet (P. miliaceum), which was the January millet of the month. > > Sonoran millet has been well documented as being under cultivation in what > is now the SW US and NW Mexico since prehistoric times until modern > times./9 /10 Cultivation now is apparently limited mainly to small farms > notably of Wariho Indians in Sonora, Mexico, where it was documented as > recently as 2011./11 > > Regarding nomenclature, it seems that P. hirticaule/12 may be used more for > the wild varieties, and P. sonorum/13 for the larger and larger-grained > variants that have been cultivated. However usage varies, esp. in older > literature. > > At one point, it was thought that this grain - its cultivated variety - was > extinct./11 An important range of cultivation in the Colorado River delta > effectively disappeared as an indirect effect of the Hoover Dam./9 Its > present status is "vulnerable."/13 There is some discussion of whether this > grain is truly "domesticated" in the strictest agricultural sense of the > term, but there is no question that it has long been selected and > cultivated. > > Archaeological evidence shows that Native Americans cultivated or gathered > seeds of several Panicum and Setaria species, especially before the > domestication and spread of corn/maize. > > Don Osborn, PhD > (East Lansing, MI, US) > North American Millets Alliance > > (The above is based on an earlier post to Collab, in October 2022, > https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-October/000090.html > ; > the image and links to sites from which its parts were sourced, below, are > new) > > Notes: > 1. Gary Nabhan & J.M.J. de Wet. 1984. "Panicum sonorum in Sonoran Desert > Agriculture." Economic Botany, 38(1), 65?82. > https://www.jstor.org/stable/4254574 > 2. https://www.nativeseeds.org/pages/sonoran-panic-grass > 3. Barney T. Burns. 2011. "A Short History of Panic Grass." Seedhead News, > No. 109, Spring 2011, pp. 6-7. > > https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0157/0808/files/SeedheadNews109-2011-Spri… > (Republished in 2015 at > https://www.nativeseeds.org/blogs/blog-news/a-short-history-of-panic-grass > ) > 4. https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Panicum_hirticaule > 5. > > https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.130251/Panicum_sono… > > Attached image credits: > (left) https://cabezaprieta.org/plant_page.php?id=1533 > (top right) https://calscape.org/Panicum-hirticaule-%28%29 > (middle right) > > https://medivetus.com/botanic/panicum-hirticaule-mexican-panicgrass-edible-… >

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September millet(s)-of the-month: Browntop & Guinea
by Don Osborn 30 Sep '23

30 Sep '23

Two #millets share the spotlight as September's "millet-of-the-month": browntop millet and Guinea millet. Both are in the genus Brachiaria (or Urochloa). Browntop millet (B. ramosa) is native to South or Southeast Asia, and is a cereal crop in that region (notably in India). In North America it is also called Dixie signalgrass, and is currently grown mainly in the SE US, for wildlife, forage, and as a cover crop. Whole grain browntop millet for human consumption is packaged and exported from India on a small scale. * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiaria_ramosa * https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.974126/full * https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_urra.pdf Guinea millet (B. deflexa) probably originated in West Africa, and is now widely distributed in Africa and South Asia (and may be present in Florida and Alabama, per Kew.org) Its edible grains are a food source, but it is apparently cultivated as a crop only in the north of the Futa Jalon plateau of Guinea (and apparently is sometimes lumped together with fonio [Digitaria exilis], a major crop in that region). * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiaria_deflexa * https://www.dineshkhedkar.co.in/mpdb/record.php?act=view&id=MG007 Sources for components of the attached image (browntop in left & center; Guinea on the right): (left) Adapted from: Eleanor Kingwell-Banham and Dorian Q. Fuller (2014). Brown Top Millet: Origins and Development. In: Smith, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286351352_Brown_Top_Millet_Origins… (center) Tapas Chandra Roy. TCR Connecting Agriculture https://tcrconnectingagriculture.com/2020/03/browntop-millet/ (right) Adapted from: Image credited to Thomas Le Bourgeois, via https://portal.wiktrop.org/observation/show/377 Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance

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Millets Webinar updates: Video of 9th, info on 10th, & more
by Don Osborn 26 Sep '23

26 Sep '23

Millets Webinar updates: 1) The recording of our 9th Millets Webinar (20 Sep. 2023), which included presentations on millet beverages, from Twila Soles and Sujala Balaji, is available at https://youtu.be/RgkSnqIeHAU . Really interesting discussions of millets in beer and plant-based milk. (Don't be put off by the lack of image at the start - our emcee lost his video for the intro; the visuals for the rest are good.) 2) Our 10th Millets Webinar, on Wed. 18 Oct. at 5 pm EDT, will be on millets and community development. From the field thru processing to forms that give us nutrition & pleasure to consume, millets have social and economic value. How might that develop, and what are some examples? "More than small change: Millets in community and economic development." More details forthcoming! 3) Here FYI are the 11th & 12th Millets Webinars, all on the 3rd Wednesday of each month at 5 pm Eastern time, plus a January event. Nov. 15 - Not just for the birds: Millets and animal farming Dec. 20 - Innovations in millets: A food systems approach January, 2024 (tentative) - Retrospective on IYM and look forward for NAMA and millets in North America 4) We're seeking feedback on the series and the possibility of a "second season" in the same or modified format. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance - co-founder don(a)milletsalliance.org

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Re: [Collab] Collab Digest, Vol 20, Issue 12
by Gary Wietgrefe 18 Sep '23

18 Sep '23

In the SBSF slides I assume darker red is most potential and white--no potential. In the central U.S. the SBSF slides have no sense of reality. This week I filmed on a ranch harvesting pearl and foxtail millet for forage yielding about 1.8 short ton/acre dryland and irrigated pearl which traditionally yields at about 6 ton/acre planted as double-crop behind forage barley (in far west South Dakota). Next week I will be helping my grandson combine above average proso (central South Dakota just east of the Missouri River). I estimate there are over a million acres of forage millets harvested annually in the U.S., and perhaps up to a half million acres with various millets planted as cover-crops or wildlife food plots. However, U.S.D.A. does not track those plantings. Proso millet acres have been tracked by U.S.D.A. in annual surveys of three states, Colorado, Nebraska, and South Dakota. If you select "Census" on the NASS link attached, you will find the other 22 states that plant proso (at least prior to the last (2017) Census that sought proso production). https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/ According to SBSF slides, my South Dakota observations are impossible. My proso research in Mongolia and Turkey and observations in Australia also seem to be outliers. I cannot speak for the rest of the world, but SBSF *production* data for the U.S. is worthless and *potential* millet production is highly questionable....Gary Wietgrefe On Fri, Sep 8, 2023 at 1:18 PM <collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space> wrote: > Send Collab mailing list submissions to > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit > https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to > collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space > > You can reach the person managing the list at > collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." > > > Today's Topics: > > 1. Re: Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or > irrigated? (Dipak Santra) > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Message: 1 > Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 19:17:22 +0000 > From: Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu> > To: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org>, "Brenner, David (CTR) - > REE-ARS" <david.brenner(a)usda.gov> > Cc: "collab(a)lists.millets2023.space" <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> > Subject: Re: [Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed > or irrigated? > Message-ID: > < > CY4PR08MB33505BA926ABC9774CB85A1E9AEDA(a)CY4PR08MB3350.namprd08.prod.outlook.com > > > > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" > > Don: > You are correct what you stated in this sentence. > Another angle on this broader issue, taking into account that a lot of > major grain crops are grown in many different agroclimatic zones, is that > of varieties of a crop. It may be that varieties x, y, and z of a > particular millet (whether subspecies or bred crop cultivars) may be > indicated for slightly varying geographic areas (overlapping largely, > perhaps, but not identical). If the Crop Locator is further developed, such > precisions may make it more useful. > > I am confident that there is suitable genetics/germplasm of various > millets in the National gene bank for growing in various region of the US. > It is a matter of screening to identify the right one for right location. > This is much easier than getting it done. I have been interested testing > available germplasm of other millets in western Nebraska. But The > limitation is fund. I do not know sources of fund for such research. > > Regards, > > Dipak > > [cid:image001.png@01D9E256.4E396770] > Dipak Santra, Ph.D. > Professor (Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist) > President, International Broomcorn Millet Association > Department of Agronomy and Horticulture > University of Nebraska?Lincoln > Panhandle Research & Extension Center > 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 > (308) 632-124<tel:3086321372>4 (work) / (308) 765-2324 (cell) > > > From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> > Sent: Friday, September 8, 2023 11:24 AM > To: Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu>; Brenner, David (CTR) - REE-ARS < > david.brenner(a)usda.gov> > Cc: collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > Subject: Re: [Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or > irrigated? > > Non-NU Email > ________________________________ > Thank you David, Dipak,the information you have provided is most helpful. > > I will reference this discussion (understanding that Dipak may be able to > provide further information on proso), with the principals of the SBSF Crop > Locator project, and copy you both. They are Shravani Basu, Sebastien > Foucaud, and Mukti Sadhan Basu. Results of the correspondence can be shared > with the list. > > Further info on what they found with regard to teff (not mapped), is that > in the Americas they show it succeeding as a food grain crop in southern > Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, some northern parts of Venezuela, Columbia, > Ecuador, Peru, central Bolivia, and northern Argentina. But from their > data, the potential in the US is limited. Yet, it has been grown in parts > of the US for some years. My sense is, that as we consider such secondary > centers of cultivation (i.e., outside of teff's home region in the Horn of > Africa) where teff has been successfully grown for many seasons without > relying on regular irrigation or high inputs, this additional data will > greatly enhance the utility of the crop locator. > > A similar point for other millets such as proso. > > Another angle on this broader issue, taking into account that a lot of > major grain crops are grown in many different agroclimatic zones, is that > of varieties of a crop. It may be that varieties x, y, and z of a > particular millet (whether subspecies or bred crop cultivars) may be > indicated for slightly varying geographic areas (overlapping largely, > perhaps, but not identical). If the Crop Locator is further developed, such > precisions may make it more useful. > > Anyway, the usual caveat here, that this is beyond my expertise. So any > expert comments are invited. > > Best to all, > > Don > > DO, EL, MI, US > NAMA > > > On Tue, Sep 5, 2023 at 5:03?PM Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu<mailto: > dsantra2(a)unl.edu>> wrote: > Don: > > Commercially production of rainfed proso millet is common in western > Nebraska, easter CO and southwestern SD. > > I will see what specific data I can share with the group. However, I need > the specific details > > Regarding Teff: > I have tested in one year at Scottsbluff ~10 years ago under irrigation > and I had some success. I never tested under dryland condition. > > I know that Stockton, KS had a USDA teff project several years ago. The > person to contact is Edgar Hicks ehicks(a)cfosystemsllc.com<mailto: > ehicks(a)cfosystemsllc.com>. You may also contact Teresa Webb, Solomon > Valley RC&D, program assistant, 320 South Sixth St., Stockton, KS 67669, > 785-425-6647. I attached their project report. > > Please, let me know if any questions. > > Thanks > > Dipak > > > [cid:image001.png@01D9DFFE.C38104C0] > Dipak Santra, Ph.D. > Professor (Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist) > President, International Broomcorn Millet Association > Department of Agronomy and Horticulture > University of Nebraska?Lincoln > Panhandle Research & Extension Center > 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 > (308) 632-124<tel:3086321372>4 (work) / (308) 765-2324 (cell) > > > From: Collab <collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto: > collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space>> On Behalf Of Brenner, David > (CTR) - REE-ARS via Collab > Sent: Tuesday, September 5, 2023 12:22 PM > To: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org<mailto:don@milletsalliance.org>>; > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space> > Subject: Re: [Collab] [External Email] Grain teff and proso millet in the > US: Rainfed or irrigated? > > Non-NU Email > ________________________________ > Don, > > I am told that grain-teff performs well in the Nebraska high plains. Many > of the millets could be grown across large areas where they are not grown > now. > > It is possible to have widely adapted crops but only local marketing > infrastructure, proportional to small markets. By infrastructure I include > personalities that find ways to market novel crops. > > David Brenner > ________________________________ > From: Collab <collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto: > collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space>> on behalf of Don Osborn < > don(a)milletsalliance.org<mailto:don@milletsalliance.org>> > Sent: Monday, September 4, 2023 8:02 PM > To: collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space> > <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space>> > Subject: [External Email][Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: > Rainfed or irrigated? > > [External Email] > If this message comes from an unexpected sender or references a > vague/unexpected topic; > Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. > Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse(a)usda.gov > <mailto:Spam.Abuse@usda.gov> > As discussed briefly on this list this past June,/1 SBSF's Crop Locator > project is developing a tool to map out ideal locations for growing the > various millets for grain. It works from data on where a given crop is > successfully grown (e.g., agroclimatic, soils, altitude), and then finds > locations elsewhere in the world with closely matching characteristics, > > The project included a map for proso millet but not yet for teff. For > proso millet (slide 15 via the link), it's not clear whether US data was > incorporated. However I understand they would be seeking data on locations > only where irrigation is not normally necessary to get a grain harvest. > > https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQGogZwAC2uXpA/feedshare-do… > < > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1F… > > > > It would be helpful to be able to supply information to the Crop Locator > project about where grain proso is grown, along with data on those > locations. > > Since I understand mapping teff is also foreseen, it would be helpful to > know about whether the teff grown in say Idaho or Nevada is purely rainfed > or relies to one or another extent on irrigation to produce grain. > > I recall on this list in March 2022, Steve DeWitt mentioned his experiment > with rainfed teff for grain in Oklahoma was not successful, but that > another farmer there was successfully growing grain teff with irrigation./2 > Irrigation, as long as there is water available, makes a lot of things > possible, but it would not seem that Oklahoma would be a positive data > point for this grain for the Crop Locator project. > > On the other hand, part of the story of the introduction of teff culture > in the NW US in the early 1980s was that Wayne Carlson saw similarities > between the areas of Ethiopia where he had seen teff grown, and the Snake > River valley./3 So, the question is, over the ensuing years, whether teff > is typically grown there without need for irrigation. If so, this > information might help refine SBSF's data on locations best suited for > grain teff. > > Grain teff is also grown in Minnesota (introduced by Tesfa Drar, also in > the early 1980s),/4 as well as in one operation we know about in Michigan > (Claire Smith, a subscriber to this list, is part of that)./5 So, the > question may end up being, where *can't* grain teff be grown? That kind of > question, in turn, might affect the model used by the mapping project. > > A side note on teff. I've probably mentioned this before, but teff is also > fairly widely grown in the US for animal forage and hay - one source I > don't have at hand suggested it's in half of the US states already. > However, this use is not a focus of the mapping project. > > Thanks in advance for any information, > > Don > > Don Osborn, PhD > (East Lansing, MI, US) > North American Millets Alliance > > Notes: > 1. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2023-June/000220.html< > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab… > > > 2. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000033.html > < > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab… > > > 3. > https://www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-other-alternatives-wheat/303014… > < > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-othe… > > > 4. https://tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/< > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/__;!!PvXuogZ4… > > > 5. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-littlest-grain-that-could< > https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-little… > > > > > > > This electronic message contains information generated by the USDA solely > for the intended recipients. Any unauthorized interception of this message > or the use or disclosure of the information it contains may violate the law > and subject the violator to civil or criminal penalties. If you believe you > have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete > the email immediately. >

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REMINDER - IYM 2023 Global Webinar Series::::Opportunities for processing millets, 19 September 2023 14:00 - 15:00 (CEST)
by Dimitrova, Zdravka (NSP) 18 Sep '23

18 Sep '23

[cid:image001.jpg@01D9D6B7.2CC41EF0] S A V E T H E D A T E 19 September 2023 | 14:00-15:00 CEST International Year of Millets Global Webinar Series 4th Webinar: “Opportunities for processing millets” Language: English and French REGISTER HERE<https://fao.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_C3Orq0J4QgSHBhqYZgoZ1A> The United Nations General Assembly at its 75th Session in March 2021 declared 2023 the International Year of Millets (IYM 2023)<https://www.fao.org/millets-2023/en>. As part of the IYM2023 celebration, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is organizing a “IYM Global Webinar Series” to shed light on the various environmental, social and economic benefits of millets, their rich heritage and their vast potential. Millets are an important option to diversify agrifood systems and to adapt to changes in climate, especially in the drylands where many of the world’s most vulnerable populations reside. Millets are diverse, adapted to arid environments, require minimal external inputs, and thus provide small-scale farmers with opportunities for sustainable crop production systems suited to their specific environments. Millets are nutritious and to satisfy varied consumer demands there are significant prospects for value chain entrepreneurs to harvest, process and market a range of nutritious products. Join this online seminar to hear insights from the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and to learn how to establish value chains for millets, from seed to table, including creation of consumer demand, through practical experiences from Italy and India. Burkina Faso will share knowledge on how to reduce crop losses in sorghum value chain. Following speaker presentations there will be an interactive discussion to provide participants with a platform to ask questions and share experiences. AGENDA Time  Agenda item and presenter  14:00–14:05 Opening remarks by Mr Aggrey Agumya, Executive Director, Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) 14:05-14:15    Millets and sorghum value chain developed from seed to table by Ms Ombretta Polenghi, Director of Global Research & Innovation, Dr. Schär, Italy 14:15 –14:25  Burkina Faso: case study on losses in sorghum and lessons learned by Mr Souleymane Traore, Agriculture engineer, FAO, Burkina Faso 14:25 –14:35  Successful processing practices of millets in India by Ms Shauravi Malik, Co-Founder at Slurrp Farm 14:35 –14:55  Q&A session 14:55 –15:00  Closing remarks by Ms Diana Carter, Nutrition and Food Systems officer, FAO The webinar will be moderated by Ms Diana Carter, Nutrition officer, Food and nutrition division, FAO. For more information, please contact: International-Year-Millets(a)fao.org<mailto:International-Year-Millets@fao.org>

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Re: [Collab] Collab Digest, Vol 20, Issue 17
by Di Salvo, Juan I [AGRON] 17 Sep '23

17 Sep '23

Hi all, I had trouble to find the link to see the crop locator. Would it be possible to forward that link? Thanks! Juan > El sep. 16, 2023, a la(s) 6:32 a.m., collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space escribió: > > Send Collab mailing list submissions to > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit > https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to > collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space > > You can reach the person managing the list at > collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." > > > Today's Topics: > > 1. Maps, harvests, & millets for forage/cover (was Re: Collab > Digest, Vol 20, Issue 12) (Don Osborn) > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Message: 1 > Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2023 07:32:37 -0400 > From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> > To: Gary Wietgrefe <gww374(a)gmail.com>, collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > Subject: [Collab] Maps, harvests, & millets for forage/cover (was Re: > Collab Digest, Vol 20, Issue 12) > Message-ID: > <CA+RHibW8VWRk7__wiQT5jnSdZ_0HhpcZuCm+7=2z3u-12LUXew(a)mail.gmail.com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" > > Thank you, Gary, for the information on proso, foxtail & pearl harvests and > your research, I'll comment briefly on those but first wanted to emphasize > that the SBSF maps are an effort in progress, and not final, so the > feedback is valuable. My interest is in precisely the kind of information > you (and Dipak and David) have shared - and in supplying that with soils > and climate info to them. > > There is an updated set of maps, for which I'm not sure I have the right to > share, that show the high plains areas you mention colored deep red (very > good) for proso. (The earlier version you saw was originally posted on > LinkedIn.) I'm writing to ask if that is because they added US data on > proso, or if new data from other sources led to the change in the map. Will > keep you all posted. > > Interested to learn of your work with the harvest of millets in South > Dakota. Will what you filmed be available for viewing? Are you planning to > fit that into a production of some sort? > > Am assuming the proso, foxtail, and pearl millets for forage are cut before > the grains have developed? Does anyone out there leave the foxtail or pearl > through maturity and harvest its grains? > > May I ask if your grandson is growing proso for forage or grain? Does it > look like the proso crops in your area in general are above average this > year? > > We should talk about your work on documenting the extent of cultivation of > millets for forage in the US. Your findings seem to align with the first > part of the NAMA line that in North America, we will be "growing more > millets for diverse purposes, and eating more millets from diverse sources." > > All the best, > > Don > > DO, EL, MI, US > NAMA > > >> On Fri, Sep 8, 2023 at 3:46?PM Gary Wietgrefe via Collab < >> collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> wrote: >> >> In the SBSF slides I assume darker red is most potential and white--no >> potential. In the central U.S. the SBSF slides have no sense of reality. >> >> This week I filmed on a ranch harvesting pearl and foxtail millet for >> forage yielding about 1.8 short ton/acre dryland and irrigated pearl which >> traditionally yields at about 6 ton/acre planted as double-crop behind >> forage barley (in far west South Dakota). Next week I will be helping my >> grandson combine above average proso (central South Dakota just east of the >> Missouri River). >> >> I estimate there are over a million acres of forage millets harvested >> annually in the U.S., and perhaps up to a half million acres with various >> millets planted as cover-crops or wildlife food plots. However, U.S.D.A. >> does not track those plantings. Proso millet acres have been tracked by >> U.S.D.A. in annual surveys of three states, Colorado, Nebraska, and South >> Dakota. If you select "Census" on the NASS link attached, you will find the >> other 22 states that plant proso (at least prior to the last (2017) Census >> that sought proso production). https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/ >> >> According to SBSF slides, my South Dakota observations are impossible. My >> proso research in Mongolia and Turkey and observations in Australia also >> seem to be outliers. I cannot speak for the rest of the world, but SBSF >> *production* data for the U.S. is worthless and *potential* millet >> production is highly questionable....Gary Wietgrefe >> >> On Fri, Sep 8, 2023 at 1:18?PM <collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space> >> wrote: >> >>> Send Collab mailing list submissions to >>> collab(a)lists.millets2023.space >>> >>> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit >>> https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab >>> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to >>> collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space >>> >>> You can reach the person managing the list at >>> collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space >>> >>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific >>> than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." >>> >>> >>> Today's Topics: >>> >>> 1. Re: Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or >>> irrigated? (Dipak Santra) >>> >>> >>> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- >>> >>> Message: 1 >>> Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2023 19:17:22 +0000 >>> From: Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu> >>> To: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org>, "Brenner, David (CTR) - >>> REE-ARS" <david.brenner(a)usda.gov> >>> Cc: "collab(a)lists.millets2023.space" <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> >>> Subject: Re: [Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed >>> or irrigated? >>> Message-ID: >>> < >>> CY4PR08MB33505BA926ABC9774CB85A1E9AEDA(a)CY4PR08MB3350.namprd08.prod.outlook.com >>>> >>> >>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" >>> >>> Don: >>> You are correct what you stated in this sentence. >>> Another angle on this broader issue, taking into account that a lot of >>> major grain crops are grown in many different agroclimatic zones, is that >>> of varieties of a crop. It may be that varieties x, y, and z of a >>> particular millet (whether subspecies or bred crop cultivars) may be >>> indicated for slightly varying geographic areas (overlapping largely, >>> perhaps, but not identical). If the Crop Locator is further developed, such >>> precisions may make it more useful. >>> >>> I am confident that there is suitable genetics/germplasm of various >>> millets in the National gene bank for growing in various region of the US. >>> It is a matter of screening to identify the right one for right location. >>> This is much easier than getting it done. I have been interested testing >>> available germplasm of other millets in western Nebraska. But The >>> limitation is fund. I do not know sources of fund for such research. >>> >>> Regards, >>> >>> Dipak >>> >>> [cid:image001.png@01D9E256.4E396770] >>> Dipak Santra, Ph.D. >>> Professor (Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist) >>> President, International Broomcorn Millet Association >>> Department of Agronomy and Horticulture >>> University of Nebraska?Lincoln >>> Panhandle Research & Extension Center >>> 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 >>> (308) 632-124<tel:3086321372>4 (work) / (308) 765-2324 (cell) >>> >>> >>> From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> >>> Sent: Friday, September 8, 2023 11:24 AM >>> To: Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu>; Brenner, David (CTR) - REE-ARS < >>> david.brenner(a)usda.gov> >>> Cc: collab(a)lists.millets2023.space >>> Subject: Re: [Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or >>> irrigated? >>> >>> Non-NU Email >>> ________________________________ >>> Thank you David, Dipak,the information you have provided is most helpful. >>> >>> I will reference this discussion (understanding that Dipak may be able to >>> provide further information on proso), with the principals of the SBSF Crop >>> Locator project, and copy you both. They are Shravani Basu, Sebastien >>> Foucaud, and Mukti Sadhan Basu. Results of the correspondence can be shared >>> with the list. >>> >>> Further info on what they found with regard to teff (not mapped), is that >>> in the Americas they show it succeeding as a food grain crop in southern >>> Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, some northern parts of Venezuela, Columbia, >>> Ecuador, Peru, central Bolivia, and northern Argentina. But from their >>> data, the potential in the US is limited. Yet, it has been grown in parts >>> of the US for some years. My sense is, that as we consider such secondary >>> centers of cultivation (i.e., outside of teff's home region in the Horn of >>> Africa) where teff has been successfully grown for many seasons without >>> relying on regular irrigation or high inputs, this additional data will >>> greatly enhance the utility of the crop locator. >>> >>> A similar point for other millets such as proso. >>> >>> Another angle on this broader issue, taking into account that a lot of >>> major grain crops are grown in many different agroclimatic zones, is that >>> of varieties of a crop. It may be that varieties x, y, and z of a >>> particular millet (whether subspecies or bred crop cultivars) may be >>> indicated for slightly varying geographic areas (overlapping largely, >>> perhaps, but not identical). If the Crop Locator is further developed, such >>> precisions may make it more useful. >>> >>> Anyway, the usual caveat here, that this is beyond my expertise. So any >>> expert comments are invited. >>> >>> Best to all, >>> >>> Don >>> >>> DO, EL, MI, US >>> NAMA >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Sep 5, 2023 at 5:03?PM Dipak Santra <dsantra2(a)unl.edu<mailto: >>> dsantra2(a)unl.edu>> wrote: >>> Don: >>> >>> Commercially production of rainfed proso millet is common in western >>> Nebraska, easter CO and southwestern SD. >>> >>> I will see what specific data I can share with the group. However, I need >>> the specific details >>> >>> Regarding Teff: >>> I have tested in one year at Scottsbluff ~10 years ago under irrigation >>> and I had some success. I never tested under dryland condition. >>> >>> I know that Stockton, KS had a USDA teff project several years ago. The >>> person to contact is Edgar Hicks ehicks(a)cfosystemsllc.com<mailto: >>> ehicks(a)cfosystemsllc.com>. You may also contact Teresa Webb, Solomon >>> Valley RC&D, program assistant, 320 South Sixth St., Stockton, KS 67669, >>> 785-425-6647. I attached their project report. >>> >>> Please, let me know if any questions. >>> >>> Thanks >>> >>> Dipak >>> >>> >>> [cid:image001.png@01D9DFFE.C38104C0] >>> Dipak Santra, Ph.D. >>> Professor (Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist) >>> President, International Broomcorn Millet Association >>> Department of Agronomy and Horticulture >>> University of Nebraska?Lincoln >>> Panhandle Research & Extension Center >>> 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 >>> (308) 632-124<tel:3086321372>4 (work) / (308) 765-2324 (cell) >>> >>> >>> From: Collab <collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto: >>> collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space>> On Behalf Of Brenner, David >>> (CTR) - REE-ARS via Collab >>> Sent: Tuesday, September 5, 2023 12:22 PM >>> To: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org<mailto:don@milletsalliance.org>>; >>> collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space> >>> Subject: Re: [Collab] [External Email] Grain teff and proso millet in the >>> US: Rainfed or irrigated? >>> >>> Non-NU Email >>> ________________________________ >>> Don, >>> >>> I am told that grain-teff performs well in the Nebraska high plains. >>> Many of the millets could be grown across large areas where they are not >>> grown now. >>> >>> It is possible to have widely adapted crops but only local marketing >>> infrastructure, proportional to small markets. By infrastructure I include >>> personalities that find ways to market novel crops. >>> >>> David Brenner >>> ________________________________ >>> From: Collab <collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto: >>> collab-bounces(a)lists.millets2023.space>> on behalf of Don Osborn < >>> don(a)milletsalliance.org<mailto:don@milletsalliance.org>> >>> Sent: Monday, September 4, 2023 8:02 PM >>> To: collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space> >>> <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space<mailto:collab@lists.millets2023.space>> >>> Subject: [External Email][Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: >>> Rainfed or irrigated? >>> >>> [External Email] >>> If this message comes from an unexpected sender or references a >>> vague/unexpected topic; >>> Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. >>> Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse(a)usda.gov >>> <mailto:Spam.Abuse@usda.gov> >>> As discussed briefly on this list this past June,/1 SBSF's Crop Locator >>> project is developing a tool to map out ideal locations for growing the >>> various millets for grain. It works from data on where a given crop is >>> successfully grown (e.g., agroclimatic, soils, altitude), and then finds >>> locations elsewhere in the world with closely matching characteristics, >>> >>> The project included a map for proso millet but not yet for teff. For >>> proso millet (slide 15 via the link), it's not clear whether US data was >>> incorporated. However I understand they would be seeking data on locations >>> only where irrigation is not normally necessary to get a grain harvest. >>> >>> https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQGogZwAC2uXpA/feedshare-do… >>> < >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1F… >>>> >>> >>> It would be helpful to be able to supply information to the Crop Locator >>> project about where grain proso is grown, along with data on those >>> locations. >>> >>> Since I understand mapping teff is also foreseen, it would be helpful to >>> know about whether the teff grown in say Idaho or Nevada is purely rainfed >>> or relies to one or another extent on irrigation to produce grain. >>> >>> I recall on this list in March 2022, Steve DeWitt mentioned his >>> experiment with rainfed teff for grain in Oklahoma was not successful, but >>> that another farmer there was successfully growing grain teff with >>> irrigation./2 Irrigation, as long as there is water available, makes a lot >>> of things possible, but it would not seem that Oklahoma would be a positive >>> data point for this grain for the Crop Locator project. >>> >>> On the other hand, part of the story of the introduction of teff culture >>> in the NW US in the early 1980s was that Wayne Carlson saw similarities >>> between the areas of Ethiopia where he had seen teff grown, and the Snake >>> River valley./3 So, the question is, over the ensuing years, whether teff >>> is typically grown there without need for irrigation. If so, this >>> information might help refine SBSF's data on locations best suited for >>> grain teff. >>> >>> Grain teff is also grown in Minnesota (introduced by Tesfa Drar, also in >>> the early 1980s),/4 as well as in one operation we know about in Michigan >>> (Claire Smith, a subscriber to this list, is part of that)./5 So, the >>> question may end up being, where *can't* grain teff be grown? That kind of >>> question, in turn, might affect the model used by the mapping project. >>> >>> A side note on teff. I've probably mentioned this before, but teff is >>> also fairly widely grown in the US for animal forage and hay - one source I >>> don't have at hand suggested it's in half of the US states already. >>> However, this use is not a focus of the mapping project. >>> >>> Thanks in advance for any information, >>> >>> Don >>> >>> Don Osborn, PhD >>> (East Lansing, MI, US) >>> North American Millets Alliance >>> >>> Notes: >>> 1. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2023-June/000220.html >>> < >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab… >>>> >>> 2. >>> https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000033.html< >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab… >>>> >>> 3. >>> https://www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-other-alternatives-wheat/303014… >>> < >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-othe… >>>> >>> 4. https://tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/< >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/__;!!PvXuogZ4… >>>> >>> 5. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-littlest-grain-that-could< >>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-little… >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> This electronic message contains information generated by the USDA solely >>> for the intended recipients. Any unauthorized interception of this message >>> or the use or disclosure of the information it contains may violate the law >>> and subject the violator to civil or criminal penalties. If you believe you >>> have received this message in error, please notify the sender and delete >>> the email immediately. >>> -------------- next part -------------- >>> An HTML attachment was scrubbed... >>> URL: < >>> https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/attachments/20230908/a0fe8… >>>> >>> -------------- next part -------------- >>> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... >>> Name: image001.png >>> Type: image/png >>> Size: 7208 bytes >>> Desc: image001.png >>> URL: < >>> https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/attachments/20230908/a0fe8… >>>> >>> >>> ------------------------------ >>> >>> Subject: Digest Footer >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Collab mailing list >>> Collab(a)lists.millets2023.space >>> https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab >>> >>> >>> ------------------------------ >>> >>> End of Collab Digest, Vol 20, Issue 12 >>> ************************************** >>> >> >> >> -- >> Author, Gary W. Wietgrefe, >> https://www.RelatingtoAncients.com/ >> *Destination North Pole--5,000 km by bicycle* is an exciting, endearing, >> humorous, dangerous and sometimes quirky travel adventure. Hardcover, >> paperback and e-books are available on Amazon or other on-line retailers. >> My other books tie education, school system, parenting, technology, and >> business with 21st century culture and learning. >> >> >> -- >> Collab mailing list >> Collab(a)lists.millets2023.space >> https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab >> > -------------- next part -------------- > An HTML attachment was scrubbed... > URL: <https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/attachments/20230916/4256e…> > > ------------------------------ > > Subject: Digest Footer > > > > -- > Collab mailing list > Collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > https://lists.millets2023.space/mailman/listinfo/collab > > > ------------------------------ > > End of Collab Digest, Vol 20, Issue 17 > **************************************

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9th Millets Webinar, Wed. 2023/9/20: Beverages made with millets
by Don Osborn 16 Sep '23

16 Sep '23

The North American Millets Alliance, the FEAST Lab at University of Missouri, and the Center for Regenerative Agriculture, also at the University of Missouri invite you to the 9th in our year-long series of monthly Millets Webinars during the International Year of Millets. It is this Wednesday, 20 September at 5-6 pm EDT. The Webinar theme this month is "Drink up! Millet beverages, alcoholic & non-alcoholic," and it will feature presentations by two experts, followed by Q&A: * Sujala Balaji, engineer, scientist, entrepreneur, & founder/CEO of Rainfed Foods, will present on "Millets' role in next gen plant based food and beverage innovation." One of their products is a milk from millets * Twila Soles, CEO and maltstress at Grouse Malt House, will present on "Exploring Millet As a Craft Brewing Ingredient." One of the grains they use is proso millet. Beverages made with millets is a topic that doesn't seem to be getting as much attention as it merits in this International Year of Millets. Traditional beers and malted drinks made with one or another of these grains remain important in parts of Asia and Africa. This webinar will focus on a couple of contemporary uses, from Canada and the US. If you are not already registered for the Millets Webinar Series, you may sign up at: https://umsystem.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJctduutrTgoGNLZnrkxtUw614DEjAT3S… For past editions of our Millets Webinar, please see: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLy7IvZCKUBap-6AaoCjPSFTMMq772t_Yb Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance (co-founder)

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Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or irrigated?
by Don Osborn 16 Sep '23

16 Sep '23

As discussed briefly on this list this past June,/1 SBSF's Crop Locator project is developing a tool to map out ideal locations for growing the various millets for grain. It works from data on where a given crop is successfully grown (e.g., agroclimatic, soils, altitude), and then finds locations elsewhere in the world with closely matching characteristics, The project included a map for proso millet but not yet for teff. For proso millet (slide 15 via the link), it's not clear whether US data was incorporated. However I understand they would be seeking data on locations only where irrigation is not normally necessary to get a grain harvest. https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQGogZwAC2uXpA/feedshare-do… It would be helpful to be able to supply information to the Crop Locator project about where grain proso is grown, along with data on those locations. Since I understand mapping teff is also foreseen, it would be helpful to know about whether the teff grown in say Idaho or Nevada is purely rainfed or relies to one or another extent on irrigation to produce grain. I recall on this list in March 2022, Steve DeWitt mentioned his experiment with rainfed teff for grain in Oklahoma was not successful, but that another farmer there was successfully growing grain teff with irrigation./2 Irrigation, as long as there is water available, makes a lot of things possible, but it would not seem that Oklahoma would be a positive data point for this grain for the Crop Locator project. On the other hand, part of the story of the introduction of teff culture in the NW US in the early 1980s was that Wayne Carlson saw similarities between the areas of Ethiopia where he had seen teff grown, and the Snake River valley./3 So, the question is, over the ensuing years, whether teff is typically grown there without need for irrigation. If so, this information might help refine SBSF's data on locations best suited for grain teff. Grain teff is also grown in Minnesota (introduced by Tesfa Drar, also in the early 1980s),/4 as well as in one operation we know about in Michigan (Claire Smith, a subscriber to this list, is part of that)./5 So, the question may end up being, where *can't* grain teff be grown? That kind of question, in turn, might affect the model used by the mapping project. A side note on teff. I've probably mentioned this before, but teff is also fairly widely grown in the US for animal forage and hay - one source I don't have at hand suggested it's in half of the US states already. However, this use is not a focus of the mapping project. Thanks in advance for any information, Don Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance Notes: 1. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2023-June/000220.html 2. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000033.html 3. https://www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-other-alternatives-wheat/303014… 4. https://tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/ 5. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-littlest-grain-that-could

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