March 2026 - Collab - lists.millets2023.space

Opportunities for Millets, 2026-27
by Don Osborn 29 Mar '26

29 Mar '26

*Opportunities for Millets 2026-2027* *Source: North American Millets Alliance (NAMA) Immediate Release: March 16, 2026* *Supply status of various millets for 2026:* Processors who want to incorporate a specific millet into their product lines need to know what millets are available in North America.[1] <#_edn1> Except for field run (a.k.a. bin run) proso, it is highly recommended that processors and users contract supplies from reliable seed suppliers by May 2026 and schedule deliveries by September 2026.[2] <#_edn2> Since various millets will be harvested throughout North America in the fall of 2026, food and beverage processors and non-seed users should commit to pounds intended to be used before seed is treated for planting. To ensure high quality food products, it is highly recommended to also use NAMA’s Proso Millet Grading Standards-- https://millets2023.space/ProsoStandards.html and https://youtu.be/AbLGbhi1g3g?si=0bTUwOoOJ3nHSSKT. (Note: Grain and seed millets are produced and stored the same way, except for hybrid pearl millet. Consequently, seed millets can be processed for edible consumption before any storage or seed treatments have been applied.) *North American Millets Availability, 2026-27* Contact seed suppliers for high quality grains *Scientific name** & commonly used name* *Varieties* *Food marketing names [3] <#_edn3>* *Spring 2026* *Fall 2026-27 expected supplies* *2026-27 Recommendations* *Panicum miliaceum* *proso millet* proso (bin) proso Plentiful Plentiful Contract 2026 production helpful but not mandatory waxy/ Plateau proso waxy proso Limited Available if contracted Available if contracted food grade DLG317 proso proso Limited Available if contracted Available if contracted *Setaria italica* *foxtail millet* Italian millet, xiaomi, or kangni [4] <#_edn4> Expect high demand, some varieties limited Expect shortages some varieties Contract supplies by May 2026 for fall/winter 2026-27 *Pennisetum glaucum* (*Cenchrus americanus*) *pearl millet* pearl millet, or bajra [5] <#_edn5> hybrid seed adequate, grain very limited Very limited grain availability Contract supplies by May 2026 for fall/winter 2026-27 *Echinochloa esculenta * *Japanese millet* Japanese millet, or barnyard millet [6] <#_edn6> Limited Expect shortages Contract supplies by May 2026 for fall/winter 2026-27 *Urochloa ramosa*, (*Brachiaria ramosa*) *brown top millet* Limited Expect shortages in some local markets Contract supplies by May 2026 for fall/winter 2026-27 *Eragrostis tef* *teff* teff Limited Expect shortages Contract supplies by May 2026 for fall/winter 2026-27 *Other millets: **Eleusine coracana*, also known as finger millet or Ragi, is in experimental stage development in the U.S. *Digitaria exilis* also known as Fonio, *Panicum sumatrense* better known as Little millet, and *Paspalum scrobiculatum* often referred to as Kodo are not produced in North America. ------------------------------ [1] <#_ednref1> “Millet” is a generic term similar to “grain,” and is applied to as many as 20 separate crop species. The six presented in this table are significant crops in North America. Sorghum is often included among the millets, but its much more widely grown with numerous varieties, and as such it is better analyzed separately. [2] <#_ednref2> Always contract using the trade name. Scientific name is recommended with a millet like Japanese that has more than one species or to eliminate species confusion [3] <#_ednref3> These suggested trade names are based on the commonly used English name, or suggested as more suitable for optimal marketing purposes. It is anticipated that some of these may change. [4] <#_ednref4> The term “foxtail” is problematic in American agriculture, as it also refers to a weedy grass. “Italian millet” is an established, but less commonly used name for *Setaria italica* (despite the name, the grain has ancient roots in China, which today produces more of it than any other country). “Xiaomi” (Mandarin Chinese) is familiar in the Chinese-American community, which Is a significant market for this grain, and “kangni” is a Hindi name that would be recognizable in the Indian-American community. [5] <#_ednref5> “Bajra” is a name for pearl millet that is widely used in India, and is familiar in the Indian-American community, which is a significant market for this grain. [6] <#_ednref6> The term “barnyard millet” is more familiar internationally. It, and in the US, “Japanese millet,” are also used for a closely-related species, *Echinochloa frumentacea*, which is also edible. The latter is distinguished internationally as “Indian barnyard millet,” but in the US is sometimes also called “billion-dollar grass.” ----------- *A PDF version of this release can be downloaded at https://millets2023.space/docs/Opportunities%20for%20Millets%202026-27.pdf <https://millets2023.space/docs/Opportunities%20for%20Millets%202026-27.pdf> *

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Effects of rise in fertilizer costs on crop choices
by Don Osborn 12 Mar '26

12 Mar '26

We're seeing stories about the potential effects of the rise in fertilizer prices (an impact of the current war in the Middle East) on farmer crop choices and on global food supply. Here are two articles, one focusing on the US, and the other on global effects. "Prolonged Iran War Could Shrink US Corn Acres, Analysts Say: 'Prices for fertilizer jumped from $516 per metric ton on Friday to up to $683 at the import hub of New Orleans on Thursday'," Morning Ag Clips, 9 arch 2026 https://www.morningagclips.com/prolonged-iran-war-could-shrink-us-corn-acre… (Apparently growers are considering alternatives to corn that don't require as much nitrogen fertilizer input.) "The war in Iran could plunge the world into hunger: Farmers from Iowa to India depend on fossil fuel-based fertilizers. Much of their supply is stuck in the Persian Gulf," by Ayurella Horn-Muller, Grist, 11 March 2026 https://grist.org/food-and-agriculture/the-war-in-iran-could-plunge-the-wor… (Article discusses a number of issues around the world.) While one would never wish this scenario for any reason, three questions are: * whether crops like millets requiring less inputs will receive more attention, * how ready we are to shift to such crops, and * whether, in making such a shift at this time, adequate production levels can be achieved. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance

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Comparison of proso & foxtail millets (Re: Collab Digest, Vol 49, Issue 10)
by Don Osborn 12 Mar '26

12 Mar '26

You're welcome, Gary, and thank you for the additional information and clarifications. As you've shown, it's important to read any research article critically. I tried to find any good comparison of proso and foxtail root systems, but turned up no useful contrasts. Both, as you note have shallow root systems, and proso is better able to cope in drier conditions. (Among millets, pearl millet - a much bigger plant - has the deepest root system, deeper even than sorghum.) Proso and foxtail share somewhat similar histories, originating in ancient times in what is now China, and spreading across Eurasia and beyond. There are differences, as these are separate species, of course, and I think it would be interesting to see a deep dive into both the physical differences, and their histories. In regions where they both were and are present, how did or do farmers (and their communities) chose among or manage the two? Two present day comparisons in the US, which also include several other millets: * "Growing Millets for Grain, Forage or Cover Crop Use" is Rob Myers' 2018 survey, and remains an excellent overview. Dr. Myers, who is at University of Missouri, helped NAMA get started with the 2023 Millets Webinar series. * "Types of Millet Grown in the High Plains" is a regionally focused summery of proso, foxtail, pearl, and finger millets by the High Plains Millet Association https://extension.missouri.edu/publications/g4164 Don DO, EL, MI, US NAMA On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 4:50 PM Gary Wietgrefe via Collab < collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> wrote: > Fascinating paper. Thank you Don. > > Dates and movement of millets is interesting, but in the era of decreased > water for agriculture, I found the historic record "Impact of Climate > Change" summary very interesting and beneficial for today's need for > millets. That general area is where I did proso millet research (Mongolia > and Turkey). > > 1.) I disagree that foxtail millet has deep root system as stated "...while > its drought resilience relied on deep root systems and efficient stomatal > regulation." > > 2.) I confirm that both foxtail and proso millets are very drought tolerant > and respond to light irrigation at critical growth stages. > > In this copied summary proso millet (200 mm = 7.9 inches/year) takes > slightly less minimum moisture to mature into grain than foxtail millets > (>250 mm = 9.4 inches/year). > > "Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), > as archetypal drought-tolerant crops, exhibited distinct thermal and > hydrological adaptations. Foxtail millet required an accumulated > temperature of 1800–2800 °C·d and was adapted to semi-arid environments > with annual precipitation of 250–600 mm. Its seedlings tolerated brief > frosts down to −2 °C, while its drought resilience relied on deep root > systems and efficient stomatal regulation. Broomcorn millet demonstrated > greater cold tolerance (withstanding −5 °C frosts), required lower > accumulated temperatures (1500–2500 °C·d), and thrived in more arid > conditions (≥200 mm annual precipitation). Both crops grew in saline soils > typical of arid zones, traits that rendered them pivotal in early > trans-climatic agricultural dispersal." > > After the Soviet Union collapsed, I sent U.S. proso millet varieties to > Mongolia where they were planted in an extremely dry area receiving only 90 > mm/year average precipitation. Millet variety trials were watered pre-plant > and four times at critical growth stages at 400 m3/ha and 600 m3/ha. See > (PDF) > Ancient Proso Millet and the Twentieth Century Survival of Mongolia > < > https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358270886_Ancient_Proso_Millet_and… > > > . > > *RESEARCH NEEDED*: In order to reduce U.S. water wasted on irrigating rice > and corn, proso and foxtail millet irrigation trials need to be conducted > by variety to optimize millets yield and minimize water use....Gary > Wietgrefe > > > On Wed, Mar 4, 2026 at 5:00 PM <collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space> > wrote: > > > Send Collab mailing list submissions to > > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via email, send a message with subject or > > body 'help' to > > collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space > > > > You can reach the person managing the list at > > collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space > > > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > > than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." > > > > Today's Topics: > > > > 1. Proso & foxtail millets cross Altai Mountains in Bronze Age > > (Don Osborn) > > > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > > Message: 1 > > Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 11:29:15 -0500 > > From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> > > Subject: [Collab] Proso & foxtail millets cross Altai Mountains in > > Bronze Age > > To: "NAMA's Collab list" <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> > > Message-ID: > > < > > CA+RHibUw0YioiAkUy6sgF9D1cjqT-3xELiGwMHzaVud8bHFvfw(a)mail.gmail.com> > > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" > > > > A recent article sheds light on the Altai Mountains as a key region in > the > > process of spread of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet > > (Setaria italica) from China west and across Eurasia. This would begin at > > an earlier period of the Bronze Age than that discussed in an article I > > shared here in a few weeks ago./1 The Altai Mountains are in the area of > > the borders of present day China, Russia, Mongolia, and Khazakhstan. /2 > > > > Tan, B., Tang, L., Lu, C. *et al.* "Millet in the Bronze Age Altai > > Mountains: discovery, progress and research prospects." *npj Heritage > > Science* *13*, 299 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-01871-z > /3 > > > > Abstract: > > "The Altai Mountains were a main channel and a key connection for the > > spread of millet, but little is known about the spatiotemporal process > and > > route of its spread. In this paper, the multiple evidences of millet > > transmission in the Altai Mountains in the Bronze Age are reviewed; the > > spatiotemporal process and possible pathways of millet’s dissemination is > > discussed; Future research priorities and possible directions of > > breakthroughs are proposed." > > > > Comments: > > This is another important piece in the picture of the spread of proso and > > foxtail millets. It is a topic that various researchers have /4 > > > > The period examined seems broad, extending through different eras within > > the Bronze Age,/5 and into the early Iron Age. There's a lot of > interesting > > information and analysis here. For me, it would have helped to have a > > summary of findings by period. > > > > One problem, which I consider to be significant, is that one has to dig > > halfway into the article to verify that the authors are indeed writing > > about two millets - proso and foxtail. That could have been made clear at > > the beginning. > > > > Although at one point the authors note the "distinct thermal and > > hydrological adaptations" of these two millets, there was no discussion > of > > whether the data woould enable exploration of sub-narratives for each of > > them in the story of millets' presence in Altai. There was discussion of > > how "Starch grains from cultivated millets exhibited near-identical > > morphological overlap with wild progenitors and relatives, notably > Setaria > > viridis (green foxtail) and Panicum bisulcatum (panic grass)," but I saw > no > > mention of whether one might still be able to distinguish Setarias from > > Panicums. > > > > Definitely worth reading if you are like me interested in the > (pre)history > > of dissemination of millets. > > > > Don Osborn, PhD > > (East Lansing, MI, US - +1 202-621-3911) > > North American Millets Alliance > > > > Notes: > > 1. "Proso millet improved life in late Bronze Age Europe," Collab, 31 Jan > > 2026 > > > > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > > 2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Mountains > > 3. The full list of authors: Bo Tan, Lei Tang, Chao Lu, Lai Jiang, > Jinmeng > > Tang, Liyuan Zheng, Yong Zhang, Wensheng Zhang & Chengbang An > > 4. Regarding proso in particular, see for example: "Early history of > proso > > millet in Europe (2022 book)," Collab, 30 Jul 2024 > > > > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > > & > > < > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > > > > the article by Harriet Hunt, et al mentioned in "Lessons from antiquity > > (& the 1990s) for the marketing of proso millet today?" Collab, 26 Jan > 2024 > > > > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > > 5. For an overview of that period, see > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age > > > > ------------------------------ > > > > Subject: Digest Footer > > > > > > > > -- > > Collab mailing list -- collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > To unsubscribe send an email to collab-leave(a)lists.millets2023.space > > > > > > ------------------------------ > > > > End of Collab Digest, Vol 49, Issue 10 > > ************************************** > > > > > -- > Author, Gary W. Wietgrefe, > https://www.RelatingtoAncients.com/ > Enjoy Wietgrefe's (pronounced "wit' grif") dozen books, patents, and > international research on millets, agronomy, cultural changes, travel > adventure, poetry, and history. > > > -- > Collab mailing list -- collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > To unsubscribe send an email to collab-leave(a)lists.millets2023.space >

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Re: Collab Digest, Vol 49, Issue 10
by Gary Wietgrefe 05 Mar '26

05 Mar '26

Fascinating paper. Thank you Don. Dates and movement of millets is interesting, but in the era of decreased water for agriculture, I found the historic record "Impact of Climate Change" summary very interesting and beneficial for today's need for millets. That general area is where I did proso millet research (Mongolia and Turkey). 1.) I disagree that foxtail millet has deep root system as stated "...while its drought resilience relied on deep root systems and efficient stomatal regulation." 2.) I confirm that both foxtail and proso millets are very drought tolerant and respond to light irrigation at critical growth stages. In this copied summary proso millet (200 mm = 7.9 inches/year) takes slightly less minimum moisture to mature into grain than foxtail millets (>250 mm = 9.4 inches/year). "Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), as archetypal drought-tolerant crops, exhibited distinct thermal and hydrological adaptations. Foxtail millet required an accumulated temperature of 1800–2800 °C·d and was adapted to semi-arid environments with annual precipitation of 250–600 mm. Its seedlings tolerated brief frosts down to −2 °C, while its drought resilience relied on deep root systems and efficient stomatal regulation. Broomcorn millet demonstrated greater cold tolerance (withstanding −5 °C frosts), required lower accumulated temperatures (1500–2500 °C·d), and thrived in more arid conditions (≥200 mm annual precipitation). Both crops grew in saline soils typical of arid zones, traits that rendered them pivotal in early trans-climatic agricultural dispersal." After the Soviet Union collapsed, I sent U.S. proso millet varieties to Mongolia where they were planted in an extremely dry area receiving only 90 mm/year average precipitation. Millet variety trials were watered pre-plant and four times at critical growth stages at 400 m3/ha and 600 m3/ha. See (PDF) Ancient Proso Millet and the Twentieth Century Survival of Mongolia <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358270886_Ancient_Proso_Millet_and…> . *RESEARCH NEEDED*: In order to reduce U.S. water wasted on irrigating rice and corn, proso and foxtail millet irrigation trials need to be conducted by variety to optimize millets yield and minimize water use....Gary Wietgrefe On Wed, Mar 4, 2026 at 5:00 PM <collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space> wrote: > Send Collab mailing list submissions to > collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via email, send a message with subject or > body 'help' to > collab-request(a)lists.millets2023.space > > You can reach the person managing the list at > collab-owner(a)lists.millets2023.space > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > than "Re: Contents of Collab digest..." > > Today's Topics: > > 1. Proso & foxtail millets cross Altai Mountains in Bronze Age > (Don Osborn) > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Message: 1 > Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 11:29:15 -0500 > From: Don Osborn <don(a)milletsalliance.org> > Subject: [Collab] Proso & foxtail millets cross Altai Mountains in > Bronze Age > To: "NAMA's Collab list" <collab(a)lists.millets2023.space> > Message-ID: > < > CA+RHibUw0YioiAkUy6sgF9D1cjqT-3xELiGwMHzaVud8bHFvfw(a)mail.gmail.com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" > > A recent article sheds light on the Altai Mountains as a key region in the > process of spread of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet > (Setaria italica) from China west and across Eurasia. This would begin at > an earlier period of the Bronze Age than that discussed in an article I > shared here in a few weeks ago./1 The Altai Mountains are in the area of > the borders of present day China, Russia, Mongolia, and Khazakhstan. /2 > > Tan, B., Tang, L., Lu, C. *et al.* "Millet in the Bronze Age Altai > Mountains: discovery, progress and research prospects." *npj Heritage > Science* *13*, 299 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-01871-z /3 > > Abstract: > "The Altai Mountains were a main channel and a key connection for the > spread of millet, but little is known about the spatiotemporal process and > route of its spread. In this paper, the multiple evidences of millet > transmission in the Altai Mountains in the Bronze Age are reviewed; the > spatiotemporal process and possible pathways of millet’s dissemination is > discussed; Future research priorities and possible directions of > breakthroughs are proposed." > > Comments: > This is another important piece in the picture of the spread of proso and > foxtail millets. It is a topic that various researchers have /4 > > The period examined seems broad, extending through different eras within > the Bronze Age,/5 and into the early Iron Age. There's a lot of interesting > information and analysis here. For me, it would have helped to have a > summary of findings by period. > > One problem, which I consider to be significant, is that one has to dig > halfway into the article to verify that the authors are indeed writing > about two millets - proso and foxtail. That could have been made clear at > the beginning. > > Although at one point the authors note the "distinct thermal and > hydrological adaptations" of these two millets, there was no discussion of > whether the data woould enable exploration of sub-narratives for each of > them in the story of millets' presence in Altai. There was discussion of > how "Starch grains from cultivated millets exhibited near-identical > morphological overlap with wild progenitors and relatives, notably Setaria > viridis (green foxtail) and Panicum bisulcatum (panic grass)," but I saw no > mention of whether one might still be able to distinguish Setarias from > Panicums. > > Definitely worth reading if you are like me interested in the (pre)history > of dissemination of millets. > > Don Osborn, PhD > (East Lansing, MI, US - +1 202-621-3911) > North American Millets Alliance > > Notes: > 1. "Proso millet improved life in late Bronze Age Europe," Collab, 31 Jan > 2026 > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > 2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Mountains > 3. The full list of authors: Bo Tan, Lei Tang, Chao Lu, Lai Jiang, Jinmeng > Tang, Liyuan Zheng, Yong Zhang, Wensheng Zhang & Chengbang An > 4. Regarding proso in particular, see for example: "Early history of proso > millet in Europe (2022 book)," Collab, 30 Jul 2024 > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > & > <https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac…> > the article by Harriet Hunt, et al mentioned in "Lessons from antiquity > (& the 1990s) for the marketing of proso millet today?" Collab, 26 Jan 2024 > > https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… > 5. For an overview of that period, see > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age > > ------------------------------ > > Subject: Digest Footer > > > > -- > Collab mailing list -- collab(a)lists.millets2023.space > To unsubscribe send an email to collab-leave(a)lists.millets2023.space > > > ------------------------------ > > End of Collab Digest, Vol 49, Issue 10 > ************************************** > -- Author, Gary W. Wietgrefe, https://www.RelatingtoAncients.com/ Enjoy Wietgrefe's (pronounced "wit' grif") dozen books, patents, and international research on millets, agronomy, cultural changes, travel adventure, poetry, and history.

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Proso & foxtail millets cross Altai Mountains in Bronze Age
by Don Osborn 04 Mar '26

04 Mar '26

A recent article sheds light on the Altai Mountains as a key region in the process of spread of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) from China west and across Eurasia. This would begin at an earlier period of the Bronze Age than that discussed in an article I shared here in a few weeks ago./1 The Altai Mountains are in the area of the borders of present day China, Russia, Mongolia, and Khazakhstan. /2 Tan, B., Tang, L., Lu, C. *et al.* "Millet in the Bronze Age Altai Mountains: discovery, progress and research prospects." *npj Heritage Science* *13*, 299 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-01871-z /3 Abstract: "The Altai Mountains were a main channel and a key connection for the spread of millet, but little is known about the spatiotemporal process and route of its spread. In this paper, the multiple evidences of millet transmission in the Altai Mountains in the Bronze Age are reviewed; the spatiotemporal process and possible pathways of millet’s dissemination is discussed; Future research priorities and possible directions of breakthroughs are proposed." Comments: This is another important piece in the picture of the spread of proso and foxtail millets. It is a topic that various researchers have /4 The period examined seems broad, extending through different eras within the Bronze Age,/5 and into the early Iron Age. There's a lot of interesting information and analysis here. For me, it would have helped to have a summary of findings by period. One problem, which I consider to be significant, is that one has to dig halfway into the article to verify that the authors are indeed writing about two millets - proso and foxtail. That could have been made clear at the beginning. Although at one point the authors note the "distinct thermal and hydrological adaptations" of these two millets, there was no discussion of whether the data woould enable exploration of sub-narratives for each of them in the story of millets' presence in Altai. There was discussion of how "Starch grains from cultivated millets exhibited near-identical morphological overlap with wild progenitors and relatives, notably Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and Panicum bisulcatum (panic grass)," but I saw no mention of whether one might still be able to distinguish Setarias from Panicums. Definitely worth reading if you are like me interested in the (pre)history of dissemination of millets. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US - +1 202-621-3911) North American Millets Alliance Notes: 1. "Proso millet improved life in late Bronze Age Europe," Collab, 31 Jan 2026 https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… 2, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Mountains 3. The full list of authors: Bo Tan, Lei Tang, Chao Lu, Lai Jiang, Jinmeng Tang, Liyuan Zheng, Yong Zhang, Wensheng Zhang & Chengbang An 4. Regarding proso in particular, see for example: "Early history of proso millet in Europe (2022 book)," Collab, 30 Jul 2024 https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… & the article by Harriet Hunt, et al mentioned in "Lessons from antiquity (& the 1990s) for the marketing of proso millet today?" Collab, 26 Jan 2024 https://lists.millets2023.space/archives/list/collab@lists.millets2023.spac… 5. For an overview of that period, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age

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