A recent study of the Digitaria genus gives us new perspectives on the four species grown for food. By bringing in information on 46 species in the genus, and relationships among them, the article enriches our understanding of this little researched group of millets. The four Digitaria millets are, of course: * D. exilis, fonio (white fonio, acha) * D. iburua, black fonio (iburu) * D. compacta, raishan * D. sanguinalis, Polish millet (large crabgrass, sikiya) George P Burton, Paolo Ceci, Lorna MacKinnon, Lizo E Masters, Noro Fenitra Harimbao Randrianarimanana, Philippa Ryan, Colin G N Turnbull, Tiziana Ulian, Maria S Vorontsova, "Phylogenetics and evolution of Digitaria grasses, including cereal crops fonio, raishan and Polish millet," Annals of Botany, Volume 137, Issue 1, January 2026, Pages 141–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf212 ABSTRACT "Background and Aims Millet crops in the grass genus Digitaria include white and black fonio (D. exilis and D. iburua), raishan (D. compacta) and Polish millet (D. sanguinalis), cultivated across West Africa, India and Europe. Fonio and raishan crops are important in supporting food security and subsistence agricultural systems in rural communities, while D. sanguinalis is no longer cultivated. These crops are resilient to challenging climates. We aim to produce an integrated study of these crops: a phylogeny of the Digitaria genus including all four food species, to identify key crop wild relatives; time-calibrated biogeographic analysis, to investigate the history and evolution of Digitaria; and a morphological study to assess the transition between wild and domesticated species. "Methods We use the Angiosperms353 target-enrichment sequencing approach to produce maximum likelihood and coalescent model nuclear phylogenies for 46 Digitaria species, and Bayesian methods to propose an evolutionary and biogeographic history for the genus. Morphology of wild and cultivated species is investigated for spikelets and growth habits using microscopy and SEM imaging. "Key Results Four distinct evolutionary lineages are found for the Digitaria crops, and we identify new close crop wild relatives D. fuscescens, D. atrofusca, D. setigera, D. radicosa, and D. ciliaris. South and eastern Africa is proposed as a likely origin of early Digitaria divergence, with crop lineages diverging from wild relatives around 2–6 mya. Incomplete domestication traits are observed, including the loss of trichomes, but no clear change in appearance for spikelet or abscission zone morphologies. "Conclusions The knowledge produced in this study about Digitaria crop wild relatives will be useful in improving crop traits through targeted breeding and physiological studies, and we also highlight the need for conservation of seed material through programmes working with local partners for these important climate-tolerant indigenous cereals." NB- It is claimed that a Digitaria grown or at least managed as a food source by the Baiga people in Dindori, Madhya Pradesh, India is D. sanguinalis. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/food/fonio-sikiya-a-tale-of-two-millets . However, this case is not mentioned in the research article. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance