Here's another interesting relative of the barnyard millets: burgu or burgu millet (you may also see the French spelling, bourgou), Echinochloa stagnina. A native of Africa, I encountered it in central Mali, where it was known as a rich and productive forage grass. Like several other grass species, its seeds have been used for food. Without having studied it, I had thought that was only as a famine grain, but apparently it was a part of the diet in central Mali - specifically the inland Niger delta in that region. Burgu has the remarkable trait of being able to grow with a rising water level, attaining up to 3 meters (10 ft.) in height with its head above water. It then collapses when water levels go down. These traits made it supremely well-adapted to the annual flooding of the Niger and Bani rivers in this flat inland delta Any burgu grain harvesting would have to be by hand, and the plants' stems make great forage and can be harvested to sell at market. With changes in flood levels and land use, there was a decline in the areas where burgu grew, but some projects helped re-establish it in some areas. Burgu grows in other parts of Africa as well as in Asia, but I have no info on any uses similar to what is done in central Mali. One take-away I get from reviewing some Echinochloa species, is that they tend to have no problem with "wet feet," and in some cases need ample or abundant water for at least some of their growth cycle. For reading abou burgu: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinochloa_stagnina * https://www.feedipedia.org/node/453 * https://plantaedb.com/taxa/phylum/angiosperms/order/poales/family/poaceae/ge... * https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00K697.pdf (see #10, "Bourgou") Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance