Millet culture & cuisine in Taiwan, & repatriation of foxtail millet

Here are two items on millets in Taiwan - a survey article on the subject, which mentions six millets and how they are used, and a video on "repatriation" of varieties of foxtail millet originally from Taiwan (thanks to David Brenner for sharing the latter). THE ARTICLE & ABSTRACT Takei, Emiko. (2013). Millet Culture and Indigenous Cuisine in Taiwan. Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Chinese Food Culture. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267747587_Millet_Culture_and_Indige... "Millets (small grain crops) have been important in many ways for Taiwanese indigenous people. They have served as staple foods along with upland rice, taro, and sweet potato. Historically, millets had a higher status in rituals than rice. Recently, foxtail millet has become a symbolic food for Taiwanese indigenous people in most regions of Taiwan. Botanically, millets in Taiwan include introduced and endemic species. Five species, foxtail millet小米 (Setaria italica), sorghum 蜀黍 (Sorghum bicolor), common millet 黍 (Panicum miliaceum), finger millet 穇子 (Eleusine coracana), and Job’s tears 薏苡 (Coix lacryma-jobi subsp. ma-yuen) are thought to be introduced. Taiwan oil millet 台湾油芒 (Spodiopogon formosanus = Eccoilopus formosanus) appears to be an endemic domesticate in Taiwan. This little known millet was confused with other cereal crops for almost a century since it was first botanically identified. The main uses of millets are for food (starch), alcohol production and fermentation with meat and fish (which can then be stored). Glutinous varieties of foxtail millet, common millet and sorghum are used for making sticky cakes (pounded or steamed). Although some community leaders have tried to promote foxtail millet cultivation, most local varieties have already disappeared, and other millet species (especially finger millet and oil millet) are endangered. To help preserve millets and millet culture, the conservation of genetic resources and further documentation of folk knowledge are desired." THE VIDEO "Diverse millet seeds are brought home to Taiwan after 30 years," Taiwan News Formosa TV, 23 Oct. 2022 (11:17) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyx13QCKk1M "Thirty years ago, an American researcher brought millet seeds from Taiwan to a food bank in the U.S. Now, Taiwanese researcher Kuo Hua-jen has brought those seeds back home as part of the efforts to ensure a diverse food supply. The seeds’ return was met with great fanfare, but there is concern that excitement could fizzle out, since millet is not a lucrative crop in Taiwan, and there is little motivation to grow it. Kuo and others hope to find ways to add value to the crop, to ensure it survives." The actual repatriation happened in 2011: https://grin-u.org/diverse-millet-seeds-are-brought-home-to-taiwan-after-30-... The American researcher in question was Dr. Wayne H. Fogg: https://www.registerguard.com/obituaries/p0171729 (This dynamic of bringing back varieties of a millet reminds of Gary's experience taking proso millet varieties from the US back to Mongolia and Turkey.) Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance
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Don Osborn