Mention of pearl millet in Russia in the Regenerative Farmers of America video on this grain had me looking for more information. (See earlier post, "Pearl Millet: The Drought Resistant Grain," 4/21, https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2025-April/000793.html ) I did not find much that was of use. There was one specific reference to pearl millet as a new crop in European Russia, but the web link didn't work: Gurinovich SO, Zotikov VI, Sidorenko VS (2020). "African millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) - A new crop in agriculture of Central Russia. Scientific and Production Journal," Grain legumes and cereals. 2:34:64-70. doi.org/10.24411/2309-348X-2020-11171 [caution with this http site which redirects to something at cyberdoi(dot)ru - I used a Tor browser to try to access, but ultimately the page was blank] My search came up with another article that cited the above, but discussed research on pearl millet in Kazakhstan, which of course is in Central Asia: R.K. Zhapayev, G.T. Kunypiyaeva, F.M. Mustafaev, S.Zh. Bekzhanov, and A.K. Nurgaliev, “Comparative Assessment of Pearl Millet Genotypes Under Arid Conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan,” SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 55 (5) 1678-1689, 2023 http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.20 (I accessed it at this URL: https://sabraojournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/SABRAO-J-Breed-Genet-55... ) There may be more on pearl millet in Central Asia, given its climate. Taking a step back, I think we're witnessing a modern expansion of the global range of cultivation of various millets, in a way picking up from where the ancient expansion left off. So, for example, pearl millet is now being tried in northern Eurasia, and foxtail millet in East Africa. In North America many species of millets were introduced in the early modern age, with potential changes in uses in the offing, and of course the expansion into northern latitudes of pearl millet and sorghum. Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance