Passing on Gary Wietgrefe's short reviews of three research articles on proso millet and soil health in crop rotations: Thank you, Gary, for this insightful analysis! DO, EL, MI, US NAMA *Proso Agronomy Topics*, January 6, 2025, Gary Wietgrefe Three research articles in the Nov/Dec issue of Crops & Soils magazine indicate where proso millet can support soil health in crop rotations. Members of the American Society of Agronomy and Certified Crop Advisors have access to the full articles, or they can be purchased through Wiley's on-line library. (Abstracts attached.) *Black-Eyed Pea in the High Plains* highlights Colorado research rotations with wheat and proso millet. Being a drought hardy and short growing season legume, black-eyed peas can provide a nitrogen-supplying legume in the two grass crop rotations. "...A plant-to-harvest time of ~95 days (and) the short growing season makes it very competitive with proso millet acres. It allows farmers to plant winter wheat immediately following black-eyed pea harvest if moisture allows." See Library <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/crso.20404?af=R> https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/crso.20404?af=R *Potential Blind Spots and Hot Spots for Nutrient Loss* article details how nutrients (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) can be carried by water and lost, or concentrated in prairie potholes. In the 1950s and '60s we planted foxtail and proso millet in potholes that were too wet when cool-season spring wheat, oats, and barley were planted. Located in the pothole region of north central South Dakota, we used millets (for forage, grain, and grazing) which could be planted up to late June to utilize pothole nutrients and moisture. Rose Tirlalistyani, Iowa State U., "...Led work on assessing nutrient flow through farmed prairie potholes..(and) differences between how nitrogen and phosphorous behave in potholes...(where) phosphorus may increase over time as the pothole continues to be inundated." See https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crso.20410. *Understanding the Mineral Nutrient Value of Wheat Residue* evaluates nutrients carried from soil by harvesting wheat straw "...(that) contains a good deal of nitrogen and secondary macronutrients, and micronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Mn)...(which) can have a high (replacement) cost when they are applied as fertilizers." In the 1980s and '90s my research with direct seeding crops, like proso millet, into wheat stubble (and vise-versa) increased crop moisture, decreased wind and water erosion, increased soil organic matter, decreased wind at soil-level, lowered summertime topsoil temperature, decreased weeds in germination zone, and increased yields of all rotational crops. This article is available for free at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385281865_Understanding_the_Mineral... . Proso millet should be in a minimum of a three-crop rotation (at least one broadleaf), cropped or double-cropped to take advantage of underutilized nutrients especially where summer moisture is limited, and directly seeded into the previous crops stubble....Gary Wietgrefe (Certified Crop Advisor--retired, and member of the American Society of Agronomy)