Thank you, David, for the kind feedback, and for the chart and source for it (Grubben & Partohardjono, 1996). I agree with Sergio that this is a great chart to have. Per your mention of how development and selection of cultivars may change the range of given crops, here are two items: * In March 2022 I posted on this list about the northern limits of pearl millet, citing two mentions of experiments with it at a latitude above what the chart shows: in Upper Peninsula Michigan and southern Quebec both at about 45°N-46°N. That post also mentions the northern limit of proso, which does not exceed what the chart shows. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000026.html * I've come across a mention of foxtail millet in Uganda, apparently introduced by Chinese agricultural aid, at https://africachinareporting.com/chinese-millet-storms-uganda/ , I've also seen a photo apparently from Burkina Faso of foxtail millet in a field with Chinese and African researchers (this was on the CIDCA Twitter account, but was unclear if the photo was actually in Burkina Faso; there was no accompanying article). I've had on my desk for months now, figuring out what's happening, and will try to push the question further in appropriate fora soon, but for this discussion, it seems to suggest that the chart's evaluation of the potential of this crop as "marginal at higher altitudes" in the tropics might need revision. So, parallel to efforts like the Crop Locator, should we think about revising and republishing this useful chart, with annotations and sources? Such would be very timely with regard to the International Year of Millets All the best, Don DO, EL, MI, US NAMA Ref: G.J.H. Grubben and Soetjipto Partohardjono (eds). 1996. Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 10. Cereals. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. (Figure 1. Barchart of the global distribution of the main cereals, on p. 17) On Fri, Sep 8, 2023 at 2:19 PM Sergio Nunez de Arco <sergio@oldandean.com> wrote:
Love the chart!! Thanks for sharing.
Sergio
On Sep 8, 2023, at 11:04 AM, Brenner, David (CTR) - REE-ARS via Collab < collab@lists.millets2023.space> wrote:
Don,
I am impressed by your try.
I like the attached chart which has been literally pinned to my bulletin board for many years, and just scanned today for you.
Part of the messiness is that plant breeders select cultivars for difficult climates and expand the range.
David Brenner
------------------------------ *From:* Don Osborn <don@milletsalliance.org> *Sent:* Friday, September 8, 2023 12:23 PM *To:* Santra, Dipak - ARS <dsantra2@unl.edu>; Brenner, David (CTR) - REE-ARS <david.brenner@usda.gov> *Cc:* collab@lists.millets2023.space <collab@lists.millets2023.space> *Subject:* [External Email]Re: [Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or irrigated?
[External Email] If this message comes from an *unexpected sender* or references a *vague/unexpected topic;* Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse@usda.gov Thank you David, Dipak,the information you have provided is most helpful.
I will reference this discussion (understanding that Dipak may be able to provide further information on proso), with the principals of the SBSF Crop Locator project, and copy you both. They are Shravani Basu, Sebastien Foucaud, and Mukti Sadhan Basu. Results of the correspondence can be shared with the list.
Further info on what they found with regard to teff (not mapped), is that in the Americas they show it succeeding as a food grain crop in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, some northern parts of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, central Bolivia, and northern Argentina. But from their data, the potential in the US is limited. Yet, it has been grown in parts of the US for some years. My sense is, that as we consider such secondary centers of cultivation (i.e., outside of teff's home region in the Horn of Africa) where teff has been successfully grown for many seasons without relying on regular irrigation or high inputs, this additional data will greatly enhance the utility of the crop locator.
A similar point for other millets such as proso.
Another angle on this broader issue, taking into account that a lot of major grain crops are grown in many different agroclimatic zones, is that of varieties of a crop. It may be that varieties x, y, and z of a particular millet (whether subspecies or bred crop cultivars) may be indicated for slightly varying geographic areas (overlapping largely, perhaps, but not identical). If the Crop Locator is further developed, such precisions may make it more useful.
Anyway, the usual caveat here, that this is beyond my expertise. So any expert comments are invited.
Best to all,
Don
DO, EL, MI, US NAMA
On Tue, Sep 5, 2023 at 5:03 PM Dipak Santra <dsantra2@unl.edu> wrote:
Don:
Commercially production of rainfed proso millet is common in western Nebraska, easter CO and southwestern SD.
I will see what specific data I can share with the group. However, I need the specific details
*Regarding Teff:* I have tested in one year at Scottsbluff ~10 years ago under irrigation and I had some success. I never tested under dryland condition.
I know that Stockton, KS had a USDA teff project several years ago. The person to contact is Edgar Hicks ehicks@cfosystemsllc.com. You may also contact Teresa Webb, Solomon Valley RC&D, program assistant, 320 South Sixth St., Stockton, KS 67669, 785-425-6647. I attached their project report.
Please, let me know if any questions.
Thanks
Dipak
Dipak Santra, Ph.D.
*Professor (Alternative Crops Breeding Specialist)*
President, International Broomcorn Millet Association
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Panhandle Research & Extension Center
4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361
*(*308) 632-124 <3086321372>4 (work) / (*308) 765-2324* (cell)
*From:* Collab <collab-bounces@lists.millets2023.space> *On Behalf Of *Brenner, David (CTR) - REE-ARS via Collab *Sent:* Tuesday, September 5, 2023 12:22 PM *To:* Don Osborn <don@milletsalliance.org>; collab@lists.millets2023.space *Subject:* Re: [Collab] [External Email] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or irrigated?
Non-NU Email ------------------------------ Don,
I am told that grain-teff performs well in the Nebraska high plains. Many of the millets could be grown across large areas where they are not grown now.
It is possible to have widely adapted crops but only local marketing infrastructure, proportional to small markets. By infrastructure I include personalities that find ways to market novel crops.
David Brenner ------------------------------ *From:* Collab <collab-bounces@lists.millets2023.space> on behalf of Don Osborn <don@milletsalliance.org> *Sent:* Monday, September 4, 2023 8:02 PM *To:* collab@lists.millets2023.space <collab@lists.millets2023.space> *Subject:* [External Email][Collab] Grain teff and proso millet in the US: Rainfed or irrigated?
[External Email] If this message comes from an *unexpected sender* or references a *vague/unexpected topic;* Use caution before clicking links or opening attachments. Please send any concerns or suspicious messages to: Spam.Abuse@usda.gov As discussed briefly on this list this past June,/1 SBSF's Crop Locator project is developing a tool to map out ideal locations for growing the various millets for grain. It works from data on where a given crop is successfully grown (e.g., agroclimatic, soils, altitude), and then finds locations elsewhere in the world with closely matching characteristics,
The project included a map for proso millet but not yet for teff. For proso millet (slide 15 via the link), it's not clear whether US data was incorporated. However I understand they would be seeking data on locations only where irrigation is not normally necessary to get a grain harvest.
https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQGogZwAC2uXpA/feedshare-doc... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQGogZwAC2uXpA/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1685527749606?e=1694649600&v=beta&t=I_nfAVADp8a7-nBexxxyj8fjzJX_PW_CCf2IXWmF36s__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3ziAFM7ow$>
It would be helpful to be able to supply information to the Crop Locator project about where grain proso is grown, along with data on those locations.
Since I understand mapping teff is also foreseen, it would be helpful to know about whether the teff grown in say Idaho or Nevada is purely rainfed or relies to one or another extent on irrigation to produce grain.
I recall on this list in March 2022, Steve DeWitt mentioned his experiment with rainfed teff for grain in Oklahoma was not successful, but that another farmer there was successfully growing grain teff with irrigation./2 Irrigation, as long as there is water available, makes a lot of things possible, but it would not seem that Oklahoma would be a positive data point for this grain for the Crop Locator project.
On the other hand, part of the story of the introduction of teff culture in the NW US in the early 1980s was that Wayne Carlson saw similarities between the areas of Ethiopia where he had seen teff grown, and the Snake River valley./3 So, the question is, over the ensuing years, whether teff is typically grown there without need for irrigation. If so, this information might help refine SBSF's data on locations best suited for grain teff.
Grain teff is also grown in Minnesota (introduced by Tesfa Drar, also in the early 1980s),/4 as well as in one operation we know about in Michigan (Claire Smith, a subscriber to this list, is part of that)./5 So, the question may end up being, where *can't* grain teff be grown? That kind of question, in turn, might affect the model used by the mapping project.
A side note on teff. I've probably mentioned this before, but teff is also fairly widely grown in the US for animal forage and hay - one source I don't have at hand suggested it's in half of the US states already. However, this use is not a focus of the mapping project.
Thanks in advance for any information,
Don
Don Osborn, PhD (East Lansing, MI, US) North American Millets Alliance
Notes: 1. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2023-June/000220.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2023-June/000220.html__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3wHqPQ1qw$> 2. https://lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000033.html <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/lists.millets2023.space/pipermail/collab/2022-March/000033.html__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3wUDm-XOw$> 3. https://www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-other-alternatives-wheat/3030148... <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.voanews.com/a/demand-rises-teff-other-alternatives-wheat/3030148.html__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3zvg6rdvg$> 4. https://tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/ <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/tefffarms.com/what-is-teff/__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3w28-xcmw$> 5. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-littlest-grain-that-could <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.canr.msu.edu/news/teffola-the-littlest-grain-that-could__;!!PvXuogZ4sRB2p-tU!C7MI2fHsmOSup5UkpSJjI8cyMGpIMf_0Phm33VjiKVFQLgekOJfLQVQWS0KZGrcDaCSJ4QLXTF-23VplowIEN3w_iUuUng$>
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<Millet1996 Grubben part of Plant Genetic Resources of South-East Asia.pdf><Millet1996 review of Grubben's book Plant resources.pdf>
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